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The Supreme Court has agreed to hear a challenge to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), the 2002 act that established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.   Congress passed SOX in response to several high-profile instances of accounting fraud earlier this decade, most notably the Enron collapse.

The board monitors the accounting industry, especially the four largest accounting firms that handle the books for many of the most prominent corporations.  The Securities and Exchange Commission chooses the board's members, with consultation by the Fed and the Treasury Department.