New Child Vaccination Laws in 2019 and Beyond

Even though vaccines are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, there are no federal laws requiring parents to vaccinate their children.

Instead, vaccination requirements are regulated at the state level, and every state has laws that require children to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases before attending school or daycare. Typically, state requirements apply to both public and private schools, and some include colleges and universities.

All 50 states and the District of Columbia also have exemption provisions, which exclude certain children from the vaccination requirements based on medical, religious, or philosophical reasons.

Currently, four states — California, Mississippi, New York, and West Virginia — only allow medical exemptions, and several others are currently considering legislation that would tighten vaccine exemptions. Let's take a look at which states have recently updated their vaccine laws as well as the states that could see updates in the near future.

States with New Vaccine Laws

There were more than 300 vaccine-related bills introduced in 2019, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which was a huge increase from previous years. Bills proposing to eliminate religious exemptions for vaccines were introduced in 14 states.

• Washington state enacted a law in May removing the personal and philosophical exempts for the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine only. It took effect at the end of July and applies to public schools, private schools, and daycares.
• The governor of New York signed a bill in June ending the state's religious-based vaccine exemption after the state experienced its largest measles outbreak in decades, which sickened hundreds.
• In September, California passed a law aimed at cracking down on the number of children who qualify for vaccination exemptions based on medical reasons but shouldn't. The law, which went effect on January 1, requires parents to get a medical exemption from doctors, who then must have the exemption approved by public health officials.
• Maine lawmakers also approved a law eliminating the state's religious and philosophical vaccine waivers in 2019, which is set to take effect in 2021. However, opponents were able to get enough signatures for a "people's veto" referendum and the issue will be part of the March 2020 ballot.

States that Considered New Vaccine Laws

New Jersey considered legislation banning religious exemptions from vaccines in 2019, but the effort failed in the Senate after fierce opposition from protesters. Like similar legislation in other states, the bill was proposed following a measles outbreak in the state in 2018. The sponsor of the bill said that a new version of the bill would be introduced.

West Virginia is one of the few states that considered a bill in 2019 that would loosen the state's vaccine exemption policy. The state currently only allows medical exemptions for vaccines, but the bill sought to add religious or personal objections to the list of excusable exemptions. The measure failed, but several similar bills have already been introduced this session.

Although bills proposing to expand vaccination exemptions are rarer, the president of the National Vaccine Information Center, which takes a pro-exemption stance, told CNN it supported 77 vaccine-related bills during the 2019 legislative session. This was the highest number since it began tracking bills in 2010.

Why Vaccines Are a Hot-Button Political Issue

Interestingly, this is a political issue that does not fall completely within party lines. Members on both sides of the political arena have introduced bills for (and against) vaccines.

Instead, it is an issue that mostly pits members of the medical community against good-intentioned parents — and in some cases, the religious.

Doctors and public health experts say bills limiting exemptions to childhood vaccines are needed to prevent outbreaks of diseases such as measles that are becoming increasingly common and typically center on areas with high concentrations of unvaccinated individuals. They say vaccines are safe and effective, and extremely important.

On the other hand, anti-vaccine families vehemently oppose laws that make it more difficult for children to qualify for vaccine exemptions, arguing that it is a government infringement on civil liberties that could be putting their children in danger. Some still make the argument that vaccines cause autism, which has been debunked by more than a dozen peer-reviewed studies.

Ultimately, public opinion still strongly supports vaccinations, with 88% of adult Americans saying the benefits of the MMR vaccine outweigh the risks, according to a recent survey by Pew Research Center. But the small minority who oppose are doing so loudly, and some lawmakers are listening.

Related Resources:

• School Vaccine Exemption Laws by State (FindLaw's Learn About the Law section)
• Vaccination Laws (FindLaw's Learn About the Law section)
• School Vaccinations (FindLaw's Learn About the Law section)